Thursday, August 27, 2020

Free Essays on Turkish Revolution

Under the principles of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman Empire was going into a difficulty at the years after mid-1870s. Most of residents were supporting Sultan Hamid II since he was additionally a strict pioneer for Muslims. In light of Hamid's Arab commitment, he had an ill will to west. In spite of the fact that there were acceptable financial conditions with west in these years, Hamid had never adjusted his perspective on threatening vibe toward west. Due to Hamid's threatening vibe, the Ottoman Empire couldn't kept in sync with innovative advancements in West. In creating world, relapses of the Ottoman Empire yielded the finish of roughly one-thousand years of age Ottoman Empire who had regions in 3 landmasses and lost the greater part of them in a brief timeframe aside from Anatolia. In light of the occupations Anatolian individuals needed to battle with foes however the Ottoman Empire didn't have capacity to battle. Therefore the residents assembled and battled against to foes. After their prosperity they understood the Turkish Revolution and changed the system. So the most significant reason for the Turkish Revolution was the shortcoming of the Ottoman Empire. Declining modernizing began the relapse of the Ottoman Empire. Ruler Hamid II was nursing resentment to west from past. In spite of the fact that he once in a while intrigued by western innovation or a few western items, he had never surrendered his antagonistic vibe habits to west. While nations was creating in science and military, the Ottoman Empire began to see propelled western nations danger over them. The Turkish erudite people who are enlivened from west and some other created nations like China, were blaming Sultan Abdul Hamid II in light of the fact that for the Ottoman Empire's backwardness conversely to the created nations. In the mean time Sultan Abdul Hamid II canceled the constitution since 1876 and he began to deal with the nation with his own guidelines and the savvy people didn't care for this circumstance. Ruler Abdul Hamid II had n... Free Essays on Turkish Revolution Free Essays on Turkish Revolution Under the guidelines of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman Empire was going into a difficulty at the years after mid-1870s. Most of residents were supporting Sultan Hamid II since he was additionally a strict pioneer for Muslims. Due to Hamid's Arab dedication, he had a hatred to west. In spite of the fact that there were acceptable monetary conditions with west in these years, Hamid had never altered his perspective on antagonistic vibe toward west. On account of Hamid's antagonistic vibe, the Ottoman Empire couldn't kept in sync with mechanical advancements in West. In creating world, relapses of the Ottoman Empire yielded the finish of around one-thousand years of age Ottoman Empire who had domains in 3 landmasses and lost the majority of them in a brief timeframe aside from Anatolia. In light of the occupations Anatolian individuals needed to battle with adversaries however the Ottoman Empire didn't have capacity to battle. Hence the residents assembled and battled against to foe s. After their prosperity they understood the Turkish Revolution and changed the system. So the most significant reason for the Turkish Revolution was the shortcoming of the Ottoman Empire. Rejecting modernizing began the relapse of the Ottoman Empire. Ruler Hamid II was nursing resentment to west from past. Despite the fact that he once in a while intrigued by western innovation or a few western items, he had never surrendered his threatening vibe habits to west. While nations was creating in science and military, the Ottoman Empire began to see propelled western nations danger over them. The Turkish intelligent people who are enlivened from west and some other created nations like China, were blaming Sultan Abdul Hamid II on the grounds that for the Ottoman Empire's backwardness conversely to the created nations. In the interim Sultan Abdul Hamid II invalidated the constitution since 1876 and he began to deal with the nation with his own principles and the erudite people didn't care for this circumstance. King Abdul Hamid II had n...

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Management Information System Thesis Essay

Resto Bar,† not at all like a run of the mill café, will give a one of a kind blend of incredible food at esteem estimating with a fun and engaging air. DJIM is the response to an expanding request. People in general (1) needs esteem for everything thatâ it buys, (2) isn't happy to acknowledge whatever doesn't meetâ its desires, and (3) needs amusement with its eating experience. Going into this market won't be simple; the industry is exceptionally serious, with intermittent overcapacity, low edges, and low section/leave hindrances. Also, there is an enormous number of substitutes, and the providers to this market have a lot of intensity. So as to conquer these issues, the organization has gained a brilliant territory in the midtown region and means to give an appropriately upscale condition to attract the company’s principle target showcase section, the business experts. The organization will try to give these clients the most extreme number of administrations to make the best deals volume during the company’s top long periods of activity. The organization will have an extensive showcasing, publicizing, and advancement battle that will boost informal advertising and will comprise of radio, printed material, boards and limits. In today’s profoundly serious condition, it is turning out to be increasinglyâ more hard to separate one café idea from another. DJIM will furnish clients with the alternative of eating less swelling and more beneficial food. The spot will likewise furnish the clients with ideal setting for various events like Romantic Dates, Business Meetings, and Intimate Birthday Parties.

Friday, August 21, 2020

How to Make Snow Writing Paper

How to Make Snow Writing PaperSnow writing paper can be created by almost anyone. Some people can do it on their own without a lot of experience. Other times, the final results are more extensive than one can reasonably expect. Snow writing paper can be created even if you have some professional writing experience.It's easy to make your own snow papers. You just need the proper supplies and basic knowledge. Snow writing paper is often quite difficult to write because the lines are so varied.If you want to make snow writing paper then it will take some time to accomplish the desired results. It is not something that can be accomplished in a short amount of time. In fact, the average person will have to spend around two hours or so to make a simple snow writing paper. For those that enjoy snow writing paper for more reasons then they probably will only take about an hour.First you will need the basic materials. These include any good quality, multi-colored crayon or pencil, a paper cli p, a number of extra wide card stock paper, scissors, and a small area to write in snow. A small place to write in snow makes it easier to create intricate design. Also, as mentioned above, a paper clip is used to help hold the paper down.The first step in creating your snow writing paper is to let the crayon or pencil set for a few minutes before using it. While the pencil is still warm you should apply the crayon to the paper and smooth it out. This makes the crayon easier to use. Next, as usual, remember to remove the crayon when it is warm and remove the excess crayon from the paper.When the crayon has cooled you can draw the line with the pencil in the new design. After you have drawn the line in the new area, you can use the number of colors of crayon and a small piece of foil to trace the design onto the paper. Allow the paper to dry completely. You may need to tape or keep the paper underneath the foil. The next step is to remove the foil or tape.Now that the paper is dry yo u can begin to write the words of the snow writing paper. Again, let the paper set before applying the crayon to the paper. Start from the top of the writing and work your way down. Remember to make sure you are not scratching the paper.Using these simple techniques can help you get started on making snow writing paper. You can even practice in advance for extra practice.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Can You Scientifically Beat a Breathalyzer Test

A Breathalyzer is a device used to determine blood alcohol concentration (BAC) by measuring the amount of alcohol in a sample of your breath. Have you ever wondered whether its possible to beat a Breathalyzer test? There are several ideas that have been tried and tested and found to either not help or even cause you to test ​​higher—and one way that has been shown to lower your breath alcohol level. Things That May Worsen Your Breathalyzer Test Results Lets start with a list of things you can do to make your breath extra alcoholic. Try these if you want to be ticketed or jailed. Applying breath spray before the test. Many of these contain alcohol. In fact, if you spray Binaca into your mouth before the test, you could potentially achieve an apparent BAC of 0.8, which is well above the legal limit for alcohol. Its also worth noting that some of these products will give you a false positive up to 20 minutes after using them.Using mouthwash. Again, many of these products contain alcohol. For example, Listerine is about 27% alcohol. Similarly, some breath mints contain sugar alcohols.Chasing your hardcore booze with a Zima. Apparently, some people think Zima is nonalcoholic or somehow absorbs the alcohol you have already imbibed. No, on both counts.Belching into the Breathalyzer. Now this one is based on the idea that gas from your stomach will contain less alcohol than gas from your lungs. Although it sounds good in theory, in practice your burp will give you a similar or even higher Breathalyzer test result than simply breathing into the device.Holding your br eath. If you hold your breath you allow more time for alcohol to diffuse into your lungs, increasing the apparent BAC as measured by a Breathalyzer by up to 15%. Things That Will Not Help You Pass a Breathalyzer Test While these actions wont worsen your test results, they wont lower your apparent BAC in a Breathalyzer test. Eating feces or your underwear. We have no idea why this is supposed to help, and yes, people have tried it.Chewing gum.Sucking on pennies. Apparently, this myth has something to do with a purported reaction between copper and alcohol. Even if this were true, pennies consist primarily of zinc. How to Beat a Breathalyzer Test The one action you can take that will reduce your apparent BAC on the Breathalyzer test is to hyperventilate before taking the test. What you are doing here is replacing the alcoholic gas in your lungs with as much fresh air as possible. While this will reduce your BAC test value by up to 10%, youll still test positive for alcohol. If youre near a limit, you might be able to beat the test. If youre seriously drunk, all youre likely to do is make yourself dizzy so you can fail all of the other tests, such as walking a line or touching your finger to your nose. Sources Ainsworth, Mitchell, C. Science and the Detective. The American Journal of Police Science, Northwestern University, vol. 3, no. 2, March/April 1932, pp. 169-182.Bogen, E. The Diagnosis of Drunkenness—A Quantitative Study of Acute Alcoholic Intoxication. Cal West Med, vol. 26, no. 6, June 1927, pp. 778-783.

Friday, May 15, 2020

Market Revolution and Second Great Awakening - 861 Words

The economic â€Å"market revolution† and the religious â€Å"Second Great Awakening† shaped American society after 1815. Both of these developments affected women significantly, and contributed to their changing status both inside and outside the home. Throughout time, women’s roles and opportunities in the family, workplace, and society have greatly evolved. Women’s role in the family before 1815 was based around the idea of Republican Motherhood. Republican Motherhood is the idea that children should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism, making them the ideal citizens of the new nation. Mothers were obligated to raise â€Å"perfect Americans†. With this belief being enforced by the males, it was impossible for the females to have the†¦show more content†¦After 1815, the female was viewed in a more respectful persona in society. Women’s rights were beginning to grow. They were helping more in religious growth, and helping in the abolition of slavery. â€Å"On every principle of natural justice, as well as by the nature of our institutions, she is as fully entitled as man to vote and to be eligible to office.† (Document F). Many females were involved in the growth of religion, including the Second Great Awakening. With the females being the ones who take the children to church, they were pr one to having a deeper belief for their religion. And with that, they would try to inspire religious growth. The Second Great Awakening spurred reform, prison, church, temperance, abolition, women’s rights, and Christianizing Indians. With women fighting for what they believe in, the women were finding themselves to have a new found respect; from both themselves and men. Document E illustrates this by females walking down a street with a sense of confidence. Women have been a vital key to the shaping and progression of our society. Throughout time, women’s roles and opportunities in the family, workplace, and society have greatly evolved. They started from being housewives that don’t have many rights, even in the household, to being valued citizens in ourShow MoreRelatedDBQ Womens Rights, The Market Revolution, and The Great Awakening815 Words   |  4 Pagesmass revolutions in industry and religion spread throughout America, changing it politically, economically, and socially. These revolutions affected all of the country in various aspects, especially in opening new opportunities for women at this time. The Market Revolution and Second Great Awakening affected the evolution of womens role in the family, workplace, and society by expanding their roles and introducing them to reform and the strength of womanhood. During this time of the Market RevolutionRead MoreThe Changing Place of Women DBQ893 Words   |  3 PagesThe antebellum market revolution transformed a subsistence economy of scattered farms and tiny workshops into a national network of industry and commerce. In other words, it took the work that most people did in their homes, and made them more efficient through factories. On the other hand, the Second Great Awakening was a religious revival characterized by emotional mass â€Å"camp meetings† and widespread conversion. It influenced many things including the women’s movement. Although women were stillRead MoreThe s Search For Religious Freedom920 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Robert Matthews, self proclaimed Matthias, Prophet of the God of the Jews, came forth as a zealot promising prosperity and salvation in a time of great social turmoil and upheaval, people latched on to his assurances that they would be leaving behind economic oppression and impoverishment. 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The Second Great Awakening had its start in Connecticut in the 1790s and grew to its height in the 1830s to 1840s.[1] During this time in the United States history, churches experienced a more complete freedom from governmental control which opened the doors of opportunity to a great spiritual awakening in the American people.[2] This awakening focused on areas of both religiousRead MoreThe Kingdom Of Matthias By Paul E. Johnson And Sean Wilentz Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pageshimself as the prophet Matthias and recruited wealthy families to join his religion where they lived in isolation. American society in the 1830s encountered rapid change with the emergence of the mar ket revolution and the Second Great Awakening. Impacts from the market revolution, the second great awakening, and personal factors led Matthias to create and influenced his own religion which other Americans eventually denounced. Robert Matthews grew up in New York to Scotland immigrants and attendedRead MoreEssay on Kingdom of Matthias by Paul E Johnson and Sean Wilentz973 Words   |  4 Pageshis kingdom, Matthias and his followers, abided by Matthias, believes of the subjugation of women by men. Even though at the time the cult was in existence the United States was experiencing two great movements that urged the forward progression of women, the Market Revolution and the Second Great Awakening. Two women in particular are mentioned in Johnson and Wilentz’ book that were really suppressed by Matthias and his subjects. One was Isabella van Wagenen, the slave that worked in Mount Zion andRead MoreThe Democrats And The Whigs Were Polar Opposites Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagescontributed to the Second Great Awakening can be attributed to a reaction against rationalism which is the belief in human reason. Essentially being a Protestant revival movement, Baptists and Methodists led the movement as pre achers. The Second Great Awakening focused on reviving religion before the Second Coming of God which was believed to be when the world was supposed to end. Overall the world did not end like it was predicted to, however the effects of the Second Great Awakening affected womenRead MoreThe Surrender Of Cornwallis At Yorktown988 Words   |  4 Pagesthe end of the American Revolution but the start of new ideas and a new nation. The American Revolution opened the doors to ingenuity, new traditions, and freedom. The Revolution had an impact on the world around them and in the United States years after it ended. Kingdom of Matthias by Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz explores the life of Elijah Pierson and Robert Mathews or Matthias. Elijah, Matthias and their clan were affected by the ideas that resulted from the revolution including freedom of religionRead MoreEssay Analysis Of The Kingdom Of Mat1442 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted his resentment and hatred of women. This led to his co ndemning of all preachy Christian women who did act subservient to their husbands. Woman is the capsheaf of the abomination of desolation-full of all deviltry;. Women also contributed a great deal to Elijah Piersons eventual devotion to Matthias. As Elijah turned to working with female missionaries in eighteen nineteen, the new evangelism of the times became the basis for a new life;and his marriage to Sarah, a strong missionary, who gently

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Analysis Of The Movie The War Against Bullying

Deniz Hernandez Dr. Ball TH 4398 B April 2, 2015 â€Å"The War against Bullying† I. Introduction It started with the name-calling. We had just moved to Houston from California and I was about to begin the third grade at Thompson Elementary. I was â€Å"the new girl!† The â€Å"tall† girl with an â€Å"accent† that nobody wanted to be friends with. I was the â€Å"odd and ugly† girl in the third grade. It was a group of six boys and girls that decided to make my year miserable by bullying me. I never hated school so much. In fact, I remember frequently lying to my parents about being sick because, I did not want to attend school. However, the verbal and emotional abuse continued and I had decided to remain silent. According to the National Center for Education†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Its effects on victims, perpetrators, and even bystanders are both immediate and long term and can affect the development and functioning of individuals across generations.†(Donegan 2). What follows after this, will emphasize on the types of bullying, define the problem and its negative impact on students, and discuses nonviolent alternatives to address the matter. II. Definition of Bullying and Its effects According to research by the U.S. Department of Health Human Services, bullying is consider being a form of violence in schools and consists of two people, a bully or intimidator and a victim. â€Å"Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance†¦the behavior is repeated†¦or has the potential to be repeated, over time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"www.stopbullying.gov†) It includes direct or indirect actions such as hitting, verbally assaulting face-to-face, etc. or starting rumors and gossip with the intentions of ruining the victims’ self-esteem and gaining a sense of superiority and power over him or her. Research shows that bullying has a negative impact on the following: the target, the bully, bystanders, and the school environment. In fact, many victims of bullying experience depression, anxiety, feelings of loneliness and isolation, disconnection from school and lose interest in school. In addition, they have a higher risk of substance abuse and in extreme cases,

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Marketing Communication Plan for Taro Cash-Samples for Students

Question: Using an Australian Organisation develop an Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Plan that will increase its brand awareness by 20%. Your IMC plan can be implemented in a new or existing market Australian or global market. Answer: Introduction Taro Cash is a trusted and smart brand for day-to-day clothing needs for men. The company has affordable and accessible styles. In fact, Taro Cash has become a profitable men's clothing brand in Australia as well as New Zealand supported with over 100 retail outlets. The initial values of delivering service are still there. Moreover, Taro Cash symbolizes value, quality in addition to being fashionable with their clothes. The retailer provides fashion trends suited for their clientele every season. Additionally, Taro Cash is proud to offer a wide scope of sizes for a good fitting. The clothing retailer could do with an IMC plan since they plan to expand to neighboring countries. Integrated marketing communications (IMC) is the combination of all marketing communications exercises. To numerous, IMC has turned out to be perceived as the way toward incorporating every one of the components of the special blend. While this might be viewed as a satisfactory working definition, it neglects to feature various critical highlights which IMC should grasp. Anna Telin (2016) define IMC is a procedure for dealing with the client connections that drive mark esteem. All the more particularly, it is a cross-useful process to make and sustain profitable companies with customers as well as associates through intentionally monitoring every message directed at such groups then permitting data-driven, planned interchange with the customers. While Fillis (2010) defines IMC as an association's combined, organized drive to advance a brand idea using numerous communications apparatuses that 'talk with a solitary voice.' These definitions shift significantly regarding their unpredictability and, to some degree, their accentuations. Despite the fact that a far-reaching definition might be bulky, it ought to have the capacity to catch the quintessence and culmination of integrated marketing communications better. The primary advantage got from the integration of marketing communications is cooperative energy. Collaboration or cooperative energy has been depicted as the 2 + 2 = 5 wonder. By combining the different features of marketing communications in a commonly strong also, improving way then the subsequent 'entire' is more than the basic whole of its parts. Creative Idea The creative idea for Taro Cash is to set up a style control for their site with the goal that guests and supporters can get thoughts on the most proficient method to wear attire, and even fuse pieces into their current closet. They should try not to restrain themselves to only one guide. Style aides should be possible regularly (winter, fall, summer, and spring), for unique events (wedding ceremony festivity, excursion), occasions (fourth of July, New Year's day, Christmas), and for more topical subjects: travel, work, end of the week, shoreline. Feedback Aides or style guides can be recorded as a unique area on the companys website and joined into their blog, where they can give more top to bottom data on everything in the gathering. Moreover, Taro Cash can take a stab at recounting a story with the style manual for intriguing a client. The advancement of an innovative brief will guarantee that all correspondence is integrated and targeted to the suitable gatherings of people. Every single innovative piece must stick to the brief. What is being advertised? Mens attire for any season Whom are we trying to appeal? Australians and potential customers in New Zealand What potential customers currently think Taro Cash deals in secondhand clothing in addition to hosting irregular events What Taro Cash would like to convey The company strives to cover an individuals clothing requirements when given the opportunity Any mandatories and creative guidelines Taro Cash logo and the tagline in every merchandise Expression tone Genuine and selfless Communication Objectives and Positioning Strategy The target of a subject is to advance a repeating thought a BIG thought - about an item or service with the goal that each time the purchaser hears the jingle, hears the motto or sees the logo, the customer will be helped to remember that specific item or service. For instance, the brilliant curves are a fantastic suggestion to youthful and old alike this speaks to Taro Cash. The business is endeavoring to fabricate their image message while isolating their business from their rivals (David Amanda, 2005). The general IMC methodology for Taro Cash includes the advancement of a personality for the company as a different substance from other clothing retailers. Usage of this IMC plan will bring about expanded reach and effect of services through the expanded help of the company. It is fundamental that all correspondence be a bit of an integrated marketing exertion. Everything that begins from the affiliation must have a comparable look and feel, which will transmit into a brand picture. Integrated marketing communications will yield exponentially higher results than the entire of individual communications executed autonomously. Given the examination of Taro Cash, its opposition, and accessible open doors, the researcher has created objectives to help the methodology of the IMC plan. Give service to 3,400 customers each month Increment of the awareness point by 50% in appraisal of the market Produce monthly media range for Taro Cash as well as its occasions Acquire 20 novel guests for each day to site Acquire 40 new fans on their social media pages every month A positioning philosophy is a stamping plan or procedure which chips away at the delegate levels of client mindfulness, where suggestions and affiliations even of individual words genuinely hold weight (David Amanda, 2005). A market situating methodology depends on business data and tries to influence the correct time to out of words to alter thoughts of partition, capability, and comparability in a united brand-account. It is a whole deal push to solidify the character of an association, and its things or services, in an excellent space inside the minds of the objective group. It is a made undertaking for a brand to isolate itself from the gathering and affect the manner in which their target gathering of people sees them. Market positioning was first presented by Eyun?Jung Linda (2012). The idea was later advanced by Hsu (2011). The book depicts the positioning procedure as a sorted out framework for finding a window in the client's psyche, given correspondence can just happen at the opportune time and under the correct conditions. The technique is best isolated into its way to keep the thought as fundamental as would be judicious. Nonetheless, don't expect that knowing the methods makes execution straightforward. It takes a great deal of clarity and conviction to finish. Knowing the methods should help with the clarity part, yet a conviction is something that must be created inside if it does not start at now exist. It is basic for sponsors to accumulate the conviction of the relationship since completing the method to the end makes degrees of sureness pushing ahead that can't be substituted some other manner (Lucia et al., 2017). Many companies out there get by without much conviction and without a submitted showcase position method. Regardless, without some level of affirmation and conviction, most associations will over the long haul default to the current situation when the waters get harsh. It will not have a place. Nevertheless, the people who can complete the technique to the end will find that every action that takes after transforms into an announcement of the market situating system. According to Kim et al. (2013), the market is situating or positioning follows these fundamental advances shown below: Write a positioning explanation Four straightforward analyses are there that produce a plan of fundamental certainties regarding the personality of a company. The expression of positioning in the market is the consequence of linking those certainties to an important configuration. Investigate to recognize a specific exclusivity Changes concerning correspondence and informing methodology channels, besides those of competitors, divulge opportunities in the market which a positioning message should address. Contender examination Dissecting and investigating the opposition decides the qualities and shortcomings of business compared to the opposition. Understanding the contrasts between a business and its rivals is vital to discovering holes/gaps in the marketplace which can be occupied. Decide current position Choosing a current market position is just as fundamental as any contender examination. That is because a company needs to comprehend their market position to have the capacity to vie for their portion appropriately. Contender positioning examination An accomplice to the contender investigation, contender positioning examination recognizes the states of the market that impact how much power contenders can work out. Build up an exceptional positioning thought With all the logical information close by, a company ought to have a superior thought of their identity, and the best gathering of people. It is an ideal opportunity to create an impression about those actualities. Test the viability of image positioning Testing philosophy will comprise of subjective and quantitative information gathering, for the most part, controlled by the means before this, however, may incorporate concentration gatherings, reviews, inside and out meetings, ethnography, surveys, and so forth. The consequences of the testing should then be evaluated against an arrangement of criteria (Paswan, 2012). Segments and Target Market Distinguishing target gatherings of people is principal to great marketing communications. It is basic practice in marketing to underscore the significance of the target showcase. However, this must be taken further in marketing communications. Target markets portray clients the general population who purchase products and enterprises. They likewise depict shoppers the general population who truly utilize or devour the merchandise and ventures. Infrequently clients and buyers are similar individuals however regularly they are most certainly not. In family consumable buys and modern buys, for instance, the clients of items are not the same as the purchasers. It bodes well in marketing communications to consider speaking with the two purchasers and clients if the communications exertion is to be best. For instance, in advancing toys, the marketing communications exertion might be centered around guardians and youngsters, and they may do as such in altogether different ways. A marketi ng communications plan centered along these lines might be more similar to two plans integrated together (Robert Timothy, 2011). In any case, we have to go even more! We have to go past the target showcase in deciding the target gatherings of people. We have to consider who else might be engaged with the buying choice or who else may impact it. If we can impact the influencers at that point, there is a more noteworthy probability that our communications will be fruitful. Consequently, target gatherings of people can incorporate individuals from the exchange, conclusion pioneers, individuals from the media, representatives, clubs, and affiliations, close relatives and uncles and any other individual who is important. In the advertising calling, they allude to all these conceivable gatherings as 'publics.' It is not necessarily the case that everyone is chosen as a major aspect of the target gathering of people gathering. These individuals or publics shape the marketing communications 'fragments' (similarly as in showcase division) from among whom our picked targets must be chosen (Manfred Stefanie, 2017). The essential crowds or audience comprise of those individuals prone to trying new clothes every season for Taro Cash to lengthen its achievement; it should have sustenance from loyal customers. This research is certainly on a particular target group to whom activities of marketing should be organized. 18-35-year-old men High School diploma or advanced education Unmarried No children Personal income of less than $20,000 Geographic: Australia and New Zealand Communication Marketing Mix and Media Mix Manfred Stefanie (2017) characterizes deals advancement or sales promotion as 'marketing exercises normally particular to a day and age, place or customer gathering, which empower an immediate reaction from shoppers or marketing mediators through the offer of extra advantages. Semeni considers it to be the work of motivational techniques for the making of direct responses inside a purchaser, exchange or business advertising. ke Christian (2017) make this qualification: where publicizing offers motivation to purchase, deals advancement offers an impetus to purchase. Deals advancement impacts on IMC from various perspectives, with the most outstanding being the effects on buy conduct; appropriation (having the correct item or service at the perfect time at the opportune place in the perfect sum); drawing in shoppers and urging them to buy; as well as the effect of bundling, evaluating. As per Victoria Helen (2013), three principle ranges for deals advancement happen. It is clear that sales promotion is an activity centered marketing occasion, the motivation of which is to affect the conduct of buyers directly. Accentuation is additionally put on sales promotion being seen as a motivation, which can be produced by either a push or a force methodology. Push procedures allude to the promotion that is coordinated toward exchange individuals with an end goal to urge them to deal with items. Force techniques are the consequence of an association's effective publicizing and sales promotion exertion that is coordinated at the shopper (Mart Gergely, 2017). Thus, sales promotion is persistently developing in importance, basically as far as the accompanying eight key components: Expanded respectability (demonstrable skill) and the developing energy of retailers; Expanded motivation obtaining (through in-store promotions); Diminishing time skylines (time weight makes quick reactions alluring, particularly through the Internet); Miniaturized scale marketing approaches (more custom fitted and targeted correspondence) Declining brand confidence expanded rivalry and brand expansion (caused by more noteworthy decision; more brands which require remarkable separation; the narrowing of saw contrasts amongst brands; and the expanded appeal of retailers' own-name items, that is, 'no-name brands'); Escalating impact (when the company coordinate their adversaries' sales promotions) as well as temporary effort; Reasonableness (promotions permit national scope at a lower cost) and interest for responsibility (that is, weight on advertisers to legitimize their presence) Intelligence or interactivity (that is, the expansion in intelligent media, for example, interactive television and the Internet) The primary points of sales promotion are to draw in new customers; to fortify rehash buys; to invigorate bigger buys; to build store movement, and to present another item or service. These points ought to be founded on the requirements of the purchasers. Sales promotion contains a scope of strategies that can be utilized to accomplish financially savvy sales or marketing destinations by increasing the value of an item or service for the advantage of its mediators or end clients (Michael et al., 2016). Publicizing or advertising has been the clearest type of marketing correspondence. Bakerds presents a wide meaning of publicizing as advancement by means of a promotion in a picked promoting medium, ensuring presentation to a general or particular target group of onlookers, as an end-result of a publicizing rate charged by the media proprietor in addition to the cost of creating the commercial'. To be more particular, promoting is the plan, paid for, non-individual introduction of data identified with an item, service or thought to a large number of existing and planned buyers through the broad communications with the point of making awareness, inducing, illuminating or potentially reminding the target group of onlookers (Natalie Derina, 2012). Moreover, advertising is alluded to by a few researchers as a 'mindfulness manufacturer.' Promoting is an innovative, mass-correspondence process. Its goal is to impart a thought; change or strengthen a mentality; or give vital data about a s pecific item or service. The publicizing procedure includes the accompanying advances/steps, delineated in the figure below. Figure 1: The advertising process of Taro Cash Basic Budget Concepts The financial plan for this Integrated Marketing Communication plan was controlled by undertaking a focused mode. Such a strategy embraces established objectives, determining the errands essential for meeting the objectives, as well as assessing the expenditures of the undertakings. The dollar approach was taken given estimations of costs, purchasing a domain for a website, and flyers, pamphlets, and business cards in addition to buying media space and SEO services. Taking into account an expansion in printing and random costs, the marketing communications spending plan is $5,840. The usage of this plan fills in as a pattern for future spending plans/budgets. Domain for the website (paid annually) $100 Outsourcing search engine optimization (SEO) $500 Flyers pamphlets $100 Business cards $140 Buying media space $5,000 TOTAL $5,840 Table 1: Budget for the IMC plan Evaluation Metrics It is critical to have systems for appraisal or assessment for each objective to decide the reasonability of the IMC design. The underlying four targets are quantifiable and are viably trailed by in-store staff at Taro Cash. A step by step assessment of cash confirmation, clients served will take care of business in following monetary and non-money related pay. This data should be accumulated toward the complete of consistently. A free service from Google filters the web for particular words, it is known as Google Alerts. Furthermore, the interests are shown by sorts, for example, blogs or news then the ensuing data is delivered email immediately or step by step. The reference to Taro Cash in some blog or article should be printed and kept in a media cover. Using Google Analytics for the online assessment of the IMC plan will give the capacity to assemble appraisals concerning the website. Another useful tool from Google is termed as Google Analytics. It monitors movement, from the point it began to the data that is most outstanding in addition to what people are typing into the search engine to discover a relevant site. The assembly of information from the internet should be circulated monthly then placed in the IMC sheet. Conclusion Integration of marketing communications is fundamental if the full advantages and effect of marketing communications are to be accomplished. Despite the fact that integration is not another idea, it is one that is progressively being perceived and esteemed. Many individuals underscore integration as the 'pulling together' of the components of the limited time blend. While this is an essential part of the integration, it is only one of numerous conceivable contemplations which have been recognized in this part as 'highlights' of integrated marketing communications. Practically speaking, it is hard to accomplish integration in its vastest sense. However, inability to do so may bring about an absence of collaboration as well as, more adversely, is counter-profitable communications. A critical piece of integrated marketing communications is its administration and management. While this is critical for IMC achievement, those qualities spoke to in and through IMC affect the way individuals experience, decipher and share their commercial center encounters. Keeping in mind the end goal to draw in IMC with conviction, the ramifications of an esteem loaded way to deal with run further than an incentive as constituted being used or trade since they rise out of living respectively. What's next in IMCthe prophetic voice of an age prominent in its proclivity towards engagement as an immoderate practicemay include an adaptable, hermeneutic approach went for the intentional and guileful sanctioning of the interchange between the customer, an item or potentially service, and an association in a given authentic minute. Recommendations Integrated marketing communications as an idea and as training have progressed toward becoming progressively mainstream over late years. Numerous scholastics advocate integration and numerous individuals from the communications business announce the requirement for more prominent integration. While perceiving the call for more noteworthy integration, this section has distinguished a scope of components that either empowers integration or present obstructions to its accomplishment. Curiously, a significant number of the reasons empowering the development of integrated marketing communications is remotely determined they are factors outside the control of associations, customers, and organizations. Components repressing integration are as often as possible inside, organizationally determined which is regularly inside the control of administration to overcome if there is a will to do as such. In both hypothesis and application, this welcomes IMC into a web of connections. More than a conclusive approach (e.g., back to front or outside-in), IMC must remain buyer educated and thought driven. A proactive engagement of the shopper through thoughts expands the potential for a genuine gestalt engagement of IMC in which the entire winds up plainly more prominent than the entirety of its parts. Working from inside a system that aides not manages will enable IMC to stay pertinent and proceed with its dispersion in the commercial center. Against any government, an esteem arranged center from which to found IMC programs calls for more noteworthy intelligent planning that includes the transactions of Taro Cash, its item, and the gathering of people in a given authentic minute. References ke F. Christian G. (2017). Communication-in-use: customer-integrated marketing communication. European Journal of Marketing, 445-463. Anna T. Perry, Telin S. Chung. (2016). Understand attitude-behavior gaps and benefit-behavior connections in Eco-Apparel. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 20(1), 105-119. David P. Amanda B. (2005). Intergrated Marketing Communications (Second ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited. Eyun?Jung Ki, Linda C. Hon. (2012). Causal linkages among relationship quality perception, attitude, and behavior intention in a membership organization. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 17(2). Fillis, I. (2010). The art of the entrepreneurial marketer. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 87-107. Hsu, Y. (2011). Design innovation and marketing strategy in successful product competition. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 223-236. Kim MacKenzie, Sherrena Buckby, Helen Irvine. (2013). Business research in virtual worlds: possibilities and practicalities. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 352-373. Lucia P. , Salvador Del B. Philip J. Kitchen. (2017). Measuring integrated marketing communication by taking a broad organisational approach: The firm-wide IMC scale. European Journal of Marketing, 692-718. Manfred B. Stefanie S. (2017). Integrated marketing communication from an instrumental to a customer-centric perspective. European Journal of Marketing, 464-489. Mart O. Gergely N. (2017). Just doing it: theorising integrated marketing communications (IMC) practices. European Journal of Marketing, 490-510. Michael J. Valos, Fatemeh H. Habibi, Riza C., Carl B. Driesener Vanya L. Maplestone. (2016). Exploring the integration of social media within integrated marketing communication frameworks: Perspectives of services marketers. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 19-40. Natalie T.J. Tindall, Derina H. (2012). Toward an integrated model of communication: the case of South Africa. Journal of Communication Management, 371-387. Paswan, A. (2012). Gender, Design and Marketing. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 456-457. Philip J. Kitchen Inga B. (2015). Integrated marketing communication: making it work at a strategic level. Journal of Business Strategy, 34-39. Prakash K. Vel Ricky S. (20100). Megamarketing an event using integrated marketing communications: the success story of TMH. Business Strategy Series, 371-382. Robert L. Harrison, Timothy M. Reilly. (2011). Mixed methods designs in marketing research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 7-26. Robyn, B. (2010). The Bare Bones: Introduction to Integrated Marketing Communication. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 566-566. Satish K. Mittal, Rajesh Pillania. (2014). Business Research in India. Journal of Management Development, 68-74. Victoria Magrath, Helen McCormick. (2013). Marketing design elements of mobile fashion retail apps. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 115-134. Watkins R., Meisers M.W Visser Y. (2012). A guide to assessing Needs, Tools for collecting information, making decisions and acheiving development results. Washington: World Bank Publications

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Human Emotion essays

Human Emotion essays After keeping an emotional diary for three weeks, I came to the broad conclusion that the human mind is very, very complex, and it doesn't take much to completely change one's attitude or psychological state. A very small event in your life that you will probably forget about in a couple hours can make you mad, sad, or hurt. For the past three days, I spent a lot of time with my girlfriend, since, after all, it was the weekend. We did some things that were fun and made me happy. For instance, on Saturday night, we went to her semi-formal dance at Leavitt High School. We danced, laughed, and had a good time. When I saw her dancing with another guy, I must admit that I felt a little jealousy arise inside of me. It was instantaneous, and didn't last very long, but yet I felt completely different just from the occurance of one small matter. When I am around my girlfriend, I feel love. I feel it when I'm not around her also. It's not the same kind of love that I feel for my parents or my siblings. It's more of a passionate kind of love. I want to see her everyday, but I do not feel like I have to see me family everyday. I am determining that this love is the stuff that will make me do anything for her. I often fulfill ridiculous requests that she makes, or give her a back rub when I am really tired. This shows me that love is very important and pursuasive in the human brain. It will make a person act completely different. It is powerful. I also can draw the conclusion that emotional responses differ depending on what type of mood you are in. One day, while I was laying on my bed trying to do homework for the third hour in a row, my little brother came in and jumped on me and tryed to get me to wrestle with him. Normally, I would be for it and would kick his butt, but since I had been doing homework for so many hours, I felt very irritable and got angry at him. He ...

Sunday, February 23, 2020

Comparing and Contrasting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing and Contrasting - Essay Example This makes the Portuguese form appear somewhat withdrawn to the background. The form does not appear clear to the viewer while standing at a further distance from the painting. It requires light to bring out the contours that dominate the painting. The color is applied sparingly which means that it is subdued. (J. Paul Getty Museum, 2011, pg. 1) reason for this one might think was to highlight the form of the painting. The brown color that is dominant throughout the painting is mainly to draw the viewer to the form but the dissecting of form to interact with space does not at the end make the viewer arrive at a specific form. It leaves room for the viewer to form different forms from looking at it because the form keeps shifting. The reason for this could be the unusual use of light and shadow that was employed by the painter. George says that he had discovered the meaning of horizontal and vertical which he clearly used in this painting. He claims that color would have brought a certain kind of sensation that would have interfered with his use of space. Once a picture stops being real, one can touch it. This is what motivated the painter to crave for space. He wanted to touch the picture and express it in form of space. Therefore we could come to a conclusion that the quest for space is what gave the conception of analytical cubism. The desire to touch still life. The painter was interested in separating himself from the real picture as possible. He took more time and drew several pictures at once. It took him years but that is what he wanted. He says that apples would die long before he could finish a painting. The outcome is not important but the path followed by the painter at arriving at the end result (â€Å"Historical Painting Techniques, Materials, and Studio Practice.† Preprints, 1995, pg.34). That way the viewer appreciates the journey, each stroke of the brash, the delicate manner in which the

Friday, February 7, 2020

Esterline Technologies and Lean Manufacturing Case Study

Esterline Technologies and Lean Manufacturing - Case Study Example Tier-1 supplier status puts the business organization into a more advantageous situation, which gives it a higher bargaining leverage. On the other hand, it also highlights the company's current performance. Cremin notes that, Tier-1 status "means that you can handle the next biggest thing; you can be trusted, you're reliable, and you have financial strength." Lean manufacturing has been instrumental in the deployment and success of the strategy. Esterline recognizes that lean manufacturing is a system which helps it achieve its manufacturing goals of "lower cost, improve quality, and build competitive barriers to entry." 3. What are the key components of a lean system and how do they compare with components of traditional systems As you prepare your answers consider dimensions such as: supply chain management, process architecture (layout), metrics, material flow discipline, inventory management, key performance metrics, use of IT, employee involvement, quality systems, equipment maintenance, scheduling, links between product design and manufacturing, and other factors that come to mind. Lean system is a quest in maximizing the efficiency through the elimination of wastage in the manufacturing process in a business organization. ... supply chain management, process architecture (layout), metrics, material flow discipline, inventory management, key performance metrics, use of IT, employee involvement, quality systems, equipment maintenance, scheduling, links between product design and manufacturing, and other factors that come to mind. Lean system is a quest in maximizing the efficiency through the elimination of wastage in the manufacturing process in a business organization. The key components of a lean system are often in contrast in a lean manufacturing system. In a lean system, supply chain management is very much important as the flow of goods within the organization is highly organized. Close collaboration with suppliers through the use of IT is emphasized in a lean system. In a traditional system, this is not practiced. In a lean system, plant and equipment layout is by product flow using cels or lines for product families. In traditional system, plant and equipment layout is by department function. Inventory levels and turnaround are closely monitored in a lean system where inventory levels are kept as low as possible while turnaround is high. The contrast is applicable to traditional system. In a traditional system, employee input into how operation is performed is low. In a lean system, employee empowerment is high as they are given the responsibility for identifying and implementing improvements. In the traditional system, there is no flexibility in the manufacturing schedule as manufacturing is difficult to handle and hard to adjust. Traditionally, production schedules are based on forecast. In the lean system, production is scheduled by customer orders which mean that product is pulled through the facility. In a traditional manufacturing system, quality is assured through lot

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Sylvia Plaths Psychic Landscapes Essay Example for Free

Sylvia Plaths Psychic Landscapes Essay In the following essay, I will examine the development of Plaths poetry through analysis of major themes and imagery found in her description of landscapes, seascapes, and the natural world. Following the lead of Ted Hughes, critics today tend to read Sylvia Plaths poetry as a unity. Individual poems are best read in the context of the whole oeuvre: motifs, themes and images link poems together and these linkages illuminate their meaning and heighten their power. It is certainly easy to see that through almost obsessive repetition some elements put their unforgettable mark on the poetry: themes such as the contradictory desires for life and death and the quests for selfhood and truth; images like those of color, with red, black and white dominating the palette; and symbols of haunting ambiguity, for example, the moon and the sea. But equally obvious is the striking development that Plaths work underwent in the course of her brief career as a professional poet. This is perhaps most readily seen in the prosody: from exerting her equilibristic skill at handling demanding verse forms, such as the terza rima and the villanelle, she broke free of the demands of such literary conventions and created a personal verse form which still retained some of the basic elements of her earlier academic style. She turned the three-line stanza of the villanelle into a highly flexible medium. Freed from the prosodic strictness of poems like Medallion, written in 1959, this verse form reappeared in poems composed in the last year of her life in a superbly liberated yet controlled form. Some of her finest and most personal poems are written in this medium, for example, Fever 103 °, Ariel, Nick and the Candlestick, Lady Lazarus, Marys Song, and the late Sheep in Fog, Child and Contusion. More important, though, is the development one can observe in Plaths handling of images and themes, of settings and scenes. My concern in this essay is Plaths use of landscapes as settings. There are indoor settings in her poetry, such as kitchens and bedrooms, hospitals and museums, but the outdoor ones are in overwhelming majority. Plaths use of landscapes and seascapes is indeed one of the most characteristic features of her poetry. They put their mark on a considerable part of the work and appear throughout her career, linked as they are to her experiences as a woman and a poet. The seascapes with their crucial relevance for themes like the daughter-father relationship, loss and death, deserve a special and thorough treatment of their own and will have to fall outside the scope of this essay. No reader can fail to note the many items of nature that Plath makes use of as setting and image. Three scholars have paid special attention to this aspect. In her pioneering work, The Poetry of Sylvia Plath: A Study of Themes (1972), Ingrid Melander includes analyses of poems set in different landscapes and seascapes that Plath knew; in addition to discussing a group of poems connected to the sea, she deals with the following landscape poems: two poems on the moorland (Hardcastle Crags and Wuthering Heights); two idylls (Watercolor of Grantchester Meadows and In Midas Country); and three landscapes as experienced by the traveller (Sleep in the Mojave Desert, Stars over the Dordogne and Two Campers in Cloud Country). Melanders approach is thematic and she makes no attempt to suggest development or continuity concerning this aspect of the poetry. In Jon Rosenblatts Sylvia Plath: The Poetry of Initiation (1979), in my view still the most useful book-length critical study, the idea of development is a main concern. He devotes one chapter to Plaths use of landscapes and seascapes, focusing on the transition from early to late poetry as part of his overriding argument: that Plaths poetry enacts a ritual of initiation from symbolic death to rebirth. He programmatically refrains from placing her poems in extraliterary contexts, such as her biography. Edward Butscher, on the other hand, goes to the other extreme in his critical biography, Sylvia Plath: Method and Madness (1976), where he makes no essential difference between the life and the poetry. While he offers many imaginative and perceptive comments on Plaths anthropomorphizing of nature, they naturally become subsumed in the telling of the story of the poets life and also, frequently, slightly distorted by Butschers  psychoanalytically loaded thesis about the emergence of Sylvia Plath the bitch goddess. Since the appearance of these three studies Sylvia Plaths Collected Poems has been published (1981) with a securer and more precise dating of the poems than before, and we are now in a better position to deal with the poems chronologically. The Journals of Sylvia Plath (1982) also add to our knowledge of the composition of the poems. Linda W. Wagner-Martins recent biography (1987) has given us a firm platform to build our critical studies on, by confirming or correcting information provided by previous biographies and memoirs. With the premise that Plaths poetry should be read as a unity I wish to study the development of her use of landscapes throughout her career, paying special attention to the role the landscape plays in the individual poemquantitatively and qualitativelyand to the way the poet creates psychic landscapes out of concrete places, scenes and objects. I tie this discussion firmly and consistently to actual landscapes Sylvia Plath had seen. With a poetry like Plaths, which is highly subjective and concrete, it is surely a disadvantage to disconnect the poems from the poets life. My use of biography aims at illuminating the poetic process, and my main interest is in the subtle and gradual shift in the poets technique: the process by which her landscapes become increasingly psychic and at the end fragmented. Sylvia Plath evidently looked upon herself as a city person (in spite of her documented love of the sea). Amidst the beautiful scenery at an artists colony in upstate New York she complained: I do rather miss Boston and dont think I could ever settle for living far from a big city full of museums and theaters. Nevertheless she seldom used the cities and towns where she lived, more or less permanently, as settings in poems. Cambridge, England; Northampton, Massachusetts; Boston and London, these places made little impact on the poetry as cityscapes. When she draws on such settings, she usually lets her persona move from the streets and buildings to parks or gardens or surrounding fields. When she remembers Cambridge, she sees meadows and fields outside the town, as in Watercolor of Grantchester Meadows (1959). Of Northampton she commemorates above all a park with frog pond, fountain, shrubbery and flowers, as in Frog Autumn and Childs Park Stones, both written in 1958. Where the town of Northampton itself does figure, in Owl (1958), it is as a frivolous contrast to harshly elemental nature. Commenting on an actual experience in the summer of 1958 such as described in this poem, she noted: Visions of violence. The animal world seems to me more and more intriguing. One of the rare poems with a London setting is Parliament Hill Fields (1961), but typically the scene has a rural touch. (It is set on Hampstead Heath). Inspiredand sometimes proddedby her husband who was versed in country things, Sylvia Plath the city person turned to nature for topics and scenery. Shortly after having met Ted Hughes in the spring of 1956 she confided to her mother: I cannot stop writing poems! . . . They come from the vocabulary of woods and animals and earth that Ted is teaching me. Prodded or inspired, Plath drew on her personal experiences of different places and landscapes as raw material for many of the poems. One might actually plot locations and stages of her life on the map of her work. Among the poems that open her career as a professional poether debut can conveniently be set to 1956we can find scenes from her stay in England and her travels on the Continent. Later there will be scenes from New England and other parts of the United States and Canada. After her return to England in 1959 she set many of the poems in Devon and a few in London. Ones immediate reaction to Plaths outdoor scenery is that the per sona never seems to be quite at home in nature. Descriptions of nature will most often register feelings of estrangement, fear and the like. This is true even of poems commemorating travel experiences in happy moods, such as camping in a California desert (Sleep in the Mojave Desert) or by a Canadian lake (Two Campers in Cloud Country), poems written in 1960. Plaths depictions of places and landscapes reveal her interest in pictorial art. She said that she had a visual imagination and that her inspiration was painting, not music, when I go to some other art form. We know of this interest in art, American and European, and the inspiration she derived from specific paintings resulting in, for example, the poems Snakecharmer (1957) and Yadwigha, on a Red Couch, Among Lilies (1958), both modelled on paintings by Henri Rousseau, and Sculptor (1958), dedicated to her friend Leonard Baskin. Her own efforts as a draftswoman establish a link between her verbal gifts and her graphic talents. Some of her drawings have been reproduced; The Christian Science Monitor (November 5 and 6, 1956) illustrated her reports about a summer visit to Benidorm in Spain with a couple of strictly realistic sketches by her hand: sardine boats pulled up on a beach; a corner of a peasant market; and trees and houses clinging on to steep sea cliffs. In his collection of essays on Plaths poetry, editor Charles Newman included three drawings of scenery that we can recognize in the poems; strong pen strokes show an old cottage in Yorkshire (Wuthering Heights); an irregular row of houses in Benidorm; and small fishing boats left for the winter on the bank of a river nea r its outlet into the ocean at Cape Cod. She evidently did not give up the habit of drawing. As late as October 1962, in a letter to her mother, she rejoices over the gift of pastels that she will surely find time to use. By and large Plaths early poems betray the same sort of literary artificiality that marked most of her Juvenilia; they strain too noticeably toward effect and cleverness. But there are some whose subjects and settings introduce thoughts and moods which reverberate in the rest of the oeuvre. Winter Landscape, with Rooks is one such poem. The very title tells us that this scene is rendered by a painterly poet. It describes a pond where a solitary swan floats chaste as snow. To the observer-speaker it is a landscape of chagrin scorn[ed] by the setting sun. The speakers mind is as dark as the pond: walking about like an imaginary rookthe only creature fit to match the wintry landscapeshe finds no solace from her sorrow at the absence of a cherished person. In a journal entry for February 20, 1956 Plath outlined the scene that inspired some of the realistic details of this poem. On her way to a literature class which was to be held at some distance from her Cambridge college, she noticed rooks squatting black in snow-white fen, gray skies, black trees, mallard-green water. The real rooks are missing from the  poem; there is only a metaphorical one. We find features that will characterize a great deal of the poetry to come: the color scheme of black, white and red; the theme of loss and frozenness; and the parallel between landscape and human observer. Plath referred to the poem as a psychic landscape. From now on her poetic landscapes will embody association between scene and mood. What marks Winter Landscape, with Rooks as an early poem is the lack of proportion between the loss suggested and the mood resulting from the contemplation of a calm winter scene. The poem ends with a sigh of self-pity: Whod walk in this bleak place? The punning title of another poem written in 1956, Prospect, suggests comparison with a painting, calling to mind, for example, the Italian veduta of landscape or city. We find in it some of the same elements as in Winter Landscape, with Rooks: the fen, here with its gray fog enveloping rooftops and chimneys, and this time not with a metaphorical rook but two real ones sitting in a tree, with absinthe-colored eyes cocked on a lone, late, / passer-by. As in an impressionist painting much is made of colororange, gray, black, greenat the expense of line and composition, but here too there is suggested a psychic element: the solitary human being neither seeks nor derives protection or comfort from nature. Alicante Lullaby, one of several poems inspired by Plaths stay in Spain in the summer of 1956, attempts to record the actual sounds of a busy little Spanish town. The poet uses onomatopoeia to recreate realistic sounds. (Evidently Sylvia Plath regretted that she did not have an ear for music.) In another poem, Departure, the speaker, taking leave of her temporary Spanish refuge sketched in bright colors, is able to note, with self-irony, that nature does not grieve at all at the parting. The reason why she leaves is decidedly unromantic: The moneys run out. The last glimpse of the scene is unromantic in another way and may suggest a parallel between the speakers mood and nature: what she sees is a stone hut Gull-fouled and exposed to corroding weathers, and morose and rank-haired goats. It may all be in the viewers eyes. Returning to the favored rook in Black Rook in Rainy Weather the poet again  musters up self-irony to face her urge to commune with nature. She might wish to see some design among the fallen leaves and receive some backtalk / From the mute sky, but this, she knows, would be to expect a miracle. Still, she leaves herself open to any minute gesture on the part of nature lending largesse, honor, / One might say love even to the dullest landscape and the most ignorant viewer; this could be achieved, for instance, by letting a black rook arrange its feathers in such a way as to captivate the viewers senses and so grant // A brief respite from fear / Of total neutrality. The miracle has not happened yet, but the hope of such a moment of transcendent beauty and communion is worth the wait. She knows that it might in fact be only a trick of light which the viewer interprets as that rare, random descent of an angel. The next set of landscape poems, chronologically, are located in the West Yorkshire moorland which Sylvia Plath knew from visits with her husbands family. November Graveyard introducing this group describes a setting where naturetrees, grass, flowersstubbornly resists mourning over death. But it does not deny death; the visitor notes the honest rot which reveals natures unsentimental presentation of death and decay. And the poet concludes that this essential landscape may teach us the truth about death. Coming at the end of Plaths first year as a professional poet this poem may be seen to exemplify a minor change in her depiction of landscapes; elements of nature are discreetly anthropomorphized: skinflint trees refuse to mourn or wear sackcloth, the dour grass is not willing to put on richer colors to solemnize the place, and the flowers do not pretend to give voice to the dead. Two other Yorkshire poems, The Snowman on the Moor and Two Views of Withens, written the following year, offer realistic glimpses of the moorland as backdrop for descriptions of relationships between people and of attitudes to nature. In the first poem, a condensed narrative relates a husband-and-wife quarrel with the woman being brought down from her pride by a vision of indomitable male power in the guise of a giant snowman; and in the second, we have in capsule form a definition of two very different  attitudes to natureperhaps also to lifeepitomized in two persons differing responses to a bare landscape and a dilapidated farmhouse with literary and romantic associations. (The scenery is associated with Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights.) The speaker of the poem regrets that she cannot respond the way the you does. To her, landscape and sky are bleak and the House of Eros is no palace. Hardcastle Crags gives a harsher view of a human being alone and defenseless in an unresponsive, absolute landscape. The poem derives its power from a very detailed, realistic picture of fields and animals, stones and hills. The last Yorkshire poem written in 1957, however, with the title The Great Carbuncle, brings in an element of wonder performed by nature: a certain strange light with magical powerits source remains unknowncreates a moment of transfiguration for the wanderers. The Great Carbuncle may allude to a drop of blood in the Holy Grail. But it is a painfully brief moment: afterwards the body weighs like stone. In a poem written in September 1961, Wuthering Heights, Plath returned to the ambiguous fascination this moor landscape held for her. The mood, though, has now become unequivocally sinister. The descriptive details have lost much of their realistic significance. The solitary wanderer bravely step[s] forward, but nature is her enemy: the alluring horizons dissolve at her advance, wind and heather try to undo her. Images of landscape and animals are consistently turned into metaphors for the human intruders feeling of being insignificant and exposed. A seemingly harmless thing such as the half-closed eyes of the grandmotherly-looking sheep makes the speaker lose her sense of identity and worth: it is as if she were being mailed into space, / A thin, silly message. This landscape is indeed psychic to an extent that Winter Landscape, with Rooks was not. This is most certainly a result of Plaths greater ability to transform realistic, concrete objects and scenes into consistent sets of me taphors for her thoughts and emotions. New Year on Dartmoor is a somewhat later poem, inspired by a walk Sylvia Plath took with her small daughter on Dartmoor some distance from the Hugheses home in Devon; the poem may have been written in late December 1961. NEW YEAR ON DARTMOOR This is newness: every little tawdry Obstacle glass-wrapped and peculiar, Glinting and clinking in a saints falsetto. Only you Dont know what to make of the sudden slippiness, The blind, white, awful, inaccessible slant. Theres no getting up it by the words you know. No getting up by elephant or wheel or shoe. We have only come to look. You are too new To want the world in a glass hat. The poem shows how Plaths technique of using landscape scenes has changed even more. Here there is very little realistic description; the setting becomes completely metaphorized and gives rise to the speakers inner words, both sad and humorous, addressing her child who is accompanying her. The year is new and to the child the newness is exciting but baffling. Only the mother is aware of a rawer reality beneath the glinting and the clinking, and she knows what newness entails of challenge and hardships. In the fall of 1959 Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes spent several weeks at Yaddo, the artists colony in upstate New York. Although she was at first charmed by the old-fashioned beauty of the estate, she soon tired of it, and on the whole the Yaddo poems do not express any genuine pleasure in nature. Some of  the poems she set in the grounds of the estate evidence a certain strain of finding something to write about and of getting the most out of the scenery. She was pleased with Medallion, a poem she defined as an imagist piece on a dead snake. Nature is here in a somewhat macabre fashion used to aestheticize death. The speaker is only a cool observer. In another Yaddo poem featuring animals, Blue Moles, with its unequivocal message that strife and violence are the modes of nature, nature is anthropomorphized; the speaker empathizes with the moles (Down there one is alone) while the sky above is sane and clear. The anthropomorphizing tendency is strong in the Yaddo poems; it does not serve to explain nature, rather to express the human protagonists feelings and moods. Thus in Private Ground the grasses / Unload their griefs in the protagonists shoes, and in The Manor Garden items from nature are used to parallel and explain the growth of a foetus in a human body. It is not enough for Plath in these poems to call forth a human mood or attitude from a fairly detailed, more or less realistic picture of objects and scenes in nature; now she will more readily metaphorize natural processes, and detailed pictures become rarer. Often key words or phrases will suffice to hint at a parallel or an origin in nature. Early in 1959 Plath had made clear what she wished to achieve in her nature poems. After finishing Watercolor of Grantchester Meadowsa memory of the Cambridge surroundingsshe noted: Wrote a Grantchester [sic] poem of pure description. I must get philosophy in. As every reader knows, Plath was wrong about this poem: in her picture of a seemingly idyllic landscape, cruelty and violence are lurking beneath the smooth appearance. The realistic scenery is distorted, not in the direction of the ugly and the grotesque, but in the direction of nursery-plate prettiness. The philosophy is apparent: terror and violence in the shape of an owl swooping down on an inoffensive water rat are at the heart of creation. Melville had said the same thing in Moby Dick when he let Ishmael reflect on the tiger heart that pants beneath the oceans skin. Plaths most ambitious piece of writing done at the artists colony was the  sequence Poem for a Birthday. Making notes for it she acknowledged the influence of Theodore Roethke. The greenhouse on the estate must have been a special link to him; it was a mine of subjects. Her tentative plans for the poem were these: To be a dwelling on madhouse, nature: meanings of tools, greenhouses, florists shops, tunnels, vivid and disjointed. An adventure. Never over. Developing, Rebirth, Despair. Old women. Block it out. Her ambition was to be true to [her] own weirdnesses. Starting as an end-of-autumn poem it immediately turns into a seemingly random search for the origins and processes of the self; the landscape disappears, and forays into the past take over. The poem comes full circle by ending with a hope of birth into a new life. Poem for a Birthday is an indication of the direction Plaths poetry was to take from now on: toward greater use of free associations and juxtaposition of fragment s of scenes and objects, experiences lived and imagined, feelings and thoughts harbored. Sylvia Plaths life and surroundings in Devon, where she lived from September 1961 to December the following year, provided rich material for poetry. Court Green, the thatch-roofed house the Hugheses had bought, sat in a two-acre plot with a great lawn, in spring overflowing with daffodils, with an apple orchard and other trees that found their way into the poems. The settings of the poems she wrote in Devon are very varied. Several are set indoors, for instance, in a hospital (The Surgeon at 2 a.m., Three Women), a kitchen (An Appearance, The Detective, Lesbos, Cut, Marys Song), an office (The Applicant), or an unspecified interior (The Other, Words heard, by accident, over the phone, Kindness). These interiors are never described; they are often to be inferred by a situation dramatized or an action going on, such as cooking a Sunday dinner or being served tea. Action and character play the greater role. The trees and flowers of the Court Green garden appear in several poems, such as Among the Narcissi, Poppies in July and Poppies in October, all from 1962. But in these poems too there is much more story or incident than description. The Moon and the Yew Tree offers a good example of how Plath used nature as material for poetry at this transitional stage in her career. Written in October 1961 this was the first poem for which she drew on her immediate  Devon surroundings. As we see from Ted Hughess comments, she still needed an occasional prodding to find a topic: The yew tree stands in a churchyard to the west of the house in Devon, and visible from SPs bedroom window. On this occasion, the full moon, just before dawn, was setting behind this yew tree and her husband assigned her to write a verse exercise about it. This nature poem is marked by the metaphorical mode already in the opening line: This is the light of the mind, cold and planetary. Using a phrase from an earlier poem (Private Ground) the poet creates a transition to the garden landscape by anthropomorphizing nature: The grasses unload their griefs on my feet as if I were God. The light of the mind does not help. The speaker complains: I simply cannot see where there is to get to. Following the upright lines of the yew tree, the speakers eyes seek the mother moon. Yew tree and church, one planted in the earth but striving toward heaven, the other bringing the message of heaven to earth, have nothing to give the speaker. She faces her real self: it is not the Church with its mixture of far reaching authority (the booming bells), its holiness stiffened by convention (the sculptured or painted saints floating above the heads of the churchgoers) and its somewhat sentimentalized sweetness (the mild Virgin), it is not these she can identi fy with: she is the daughter of the wild female moon with her dark and dangerous power. Plath herself evidently read this poem slightly differently. Introducing it in a BBC program she said that a yew tree she had once put into a poem began, with astounding egotism, to manage and order the whole affair. It was not a yew tree by a church on a road past a house in a town where a certain woman lived . . . and so on, as it might have been in a novel. Oh no. It stood squarely in the middle of my poem, manipulating its dark shades, the voices in the churchyard, the clouds, the birds, the tender melancholy with which I contemplated iteverything! I couldnt subdue it. And, in the end, my poem was a poem about a yew tree. The yew tree was just too proud to be a passing black mark in a novel. As I have indicated, another reading of the poem highlights the moon as the one who is taking over the scene. The yew tree appears again in Little Fugue, written in 1962, but only as an introductory image bringing in a contrast through its blackness counterpointed with whiteness in the concrete form of a cloud (The yews black fingers wag; / Cold clouds go over). Black and white do not merge, just as the blind do not receive the message of the deaf and dumb. These counterpointing absences prefigure the main theme of the fugue: the speaker-daughters despair at not being able to reach her dead father: Gothic and barbarous he was a yew hedge of orders. Now he sees nothing, and the speaker is lame in the memory. The fugue ends by finally joining the two items from naturethe black yew tree and the pale cloudas images of a marriage between death and death-in-life. The Devon milieu is the scene also for Among the Narcissi. Here an ailing old neighbor is the main subject, the flowers attending upon him like a flock of children. Another poem with a Devon setting is Pheasant. It is a scene in the drama of tensions in a marriage, of suspicions, hurt, jealousy and anger, which was begun in Zoo Keepers Wife and continued in Elm, The Rabbit Catcher, Event, Poppies in July and Poppies in October. Two poems written in the last month Sylvia Plath spent in Devon, Letter in November and Winter Trees, testify to the almost uncanny equilibristics she was capable of by now in realizing highly different topics, scenes, moods, as it would seem from one moment to the next. Anger at deception (The Couriers), longing for spiritual rebirth (Getting There), tender anguish at a childs future (The Night Dances), revulsion at death (Death Co.) and fascination with the dynamics of motion and life (Years), naked hatred and contempt (The Fearful), these are some of the emotions embodied in the November poems. Letter in November is set in the Court Green garden. It is unusual for Plath at this stage in her career in that it contains a fairly detailed picture of the scenery. The letter is addressed to an unspecified receiver (perhaps a child) apostrophized as love. It describes, in a relaxed tone, details of a well-known garden which in this moment of seasonal transition is shifting color and form as if by some kind of magic that a child would  understand. The speakers boots squelch realistically in the wet masses of fallen leaves. The old corpses buried under the death-soup she is walking in prefigure the despair at total defeat revealed in the final allusion to the destruction of a heroic army at Thermopylae (The irreplaceable / Golds bleed and deepen, the mouths of Thermopylae). Was the lovingly detailed description of her garden an incantation for a moments relief from pain? Winter Trees is also set in the garden. WINTER TREES The wet dawn inks are doing their blue dissolve. On their blotter of fog the trees Seem a botanical drawing Memories growing, ring on ring, A series of weddings. Knowing neither abortions nor bitchery, Truer than women, They seed so effortlessly! Tasting the winds, that are footless, Waist-deep in history Full of wings, otherworldliness. In this, they are Ledas. O mother of leaves and sweetness Who are these pietas? The shadows of ringdoves chanting, but easing nothing. The opening image, of trees barely visible in the early morning fog, might have led us to expect a landscape of the kind Plath wrote in her earlier years, that is, a fairly realistic description with a mood attached or a philosophy as the outcome of pictures turned into metaphors. In this poem, however, trees are immediately turned into an aesthetic product: a drawing presenting themselves (On their blotter of fog the trees / Seem a botanical drawing)! This idea is at once dropped and without the modulating help of language we are brought into the human domain of memories, relationships between people, values and morality. Memories, rings, weddings, abortions, bitcherythese words hint at a miniature narrative of past love and union, contrasted with ugly losses and failures. The speakers muted despair has turned into disgust at the very idea of human femaleness. The trees have become symbols of ideal humanity: at the same time as they partake of the solidity and security of elemental earthliness, they achieve spirituality. Visited by a god, these Ledas share in the sacred, but being Ledas they also know suffering. In a last transformation, the trees take on the appearance of the grieving mother of another god. The final lines of the poem express the speakers anguished cry lamenting her inability to partake of the perfection and pity of nature. Being a woman she appeals to a Mother Goddess for a clue, but no sounds or sights in nature bring her relief. This superb poem is an example of the skill and power Plath had reached in her thirtieth year. Within the span of a few short lines she manages to create a complex of sight and sound, history and myth, Christian and pagan, ugliness and beauty, hope and despair. As has been argued by a recent critic, this is a fine example of Plaths ability to raise her poetry above the level of the private and the confessional to a level of universality. The poems Sylvia Plath wrote in the last few weeks of her life maintain  continuity with her earlier work in subject matter and style. She still favors the two- or three-line stanza, and essential also in these poems are emotions and attitudes such as love for childrenwhat Helen Vendler so succinctly refers to as the small constructiveness of motherhoodhatred of deception, and conflicting urges toward stasis and motion. But as a whole they are more concise and more referentialeven to the point of obscuritythan earlier poems. They do not offer easy readings, for one thing because images from strikingly different spheres of life are juxtaposed, with no apparent associations to join them. By establishing links to the earlier poetry as reference and source material we may be in a better position to read these difficult texts. Plaths use of landscapes is one such line to pursue. In these late poems recognizable, actual landscapes do not occur; here the poet uses only fragments from her experiences of various kinds of scenery, fragments that often suggest moods and attitudes similar to those that the more fully described landscapes had once signified. The first poem dated 1963, Sheep in Fog, was begun in December 1962 and completed the following January, and it works as a transitional poem. It is the last poem Plath wrote in which we can recognize the outlines of an actual landscape. It keeps some of the elements of poems set in an English landscape, with touches of the moorland, perhaps Dartmoor where Plath took riding lessons. She introduced the poem for a BBC program with these words: In this poem, the speakers horse is proceeding at a slow, cold walk down a hill of macadam to the stable at the bottom. It is December. It is foggy. In the fog there are sheep. This is of course only the bare skeleton around which the poem itself has been fashioned. The title suggests a realistic landscape with figures, and we find several such items: hills, horse and fields. No sheep are visible in the poem; the dolorous bells indicate their presence. There is a watercolor aspect to the hills dimly seen in the fog, the faint line of smoke from a passing train and the touch of color provided by the horse. Human references, which are counterpointed with the touches of nature scenery, take over in the latter part of the poem. The speaker interprets the scene as an expression of her own situation. Resignedly registering her own inadequacy (People or stars / Regard me sadly, I disappoint them) she  perceives her situation as darker and darker. Against the normal order in nature All morning the / Morning has been blackening. She fears that she has to accept nothingness as her lot, even after death; this is expressed in the image of the distant fields which thr eaten / To let me through to a heaven / Starless and fatherless, a dark water. This is no longer a psychic landscape of the kind exemplified by Winter Landscape, with Rooks; in Sheep in Fog the landscape as reality almost ceases to exist. Items from Sheep in Fog reappear in even more fragmentary form in Totem, a poem written on the same day as the former one was completed. Here we find a train on a useless journey, darkened fields, and mountains letting us glimpse an unchanging sky. These fragments of a landscape are only small signs in a composition overwhelming in its rich confusion, of images which all spell the greed of inevitable death. Plath spoke of this poem as a pile of interconnected images, like a totem pole. Other late poems have a similar quality of interconnected images like a totem pole in which fragments of landscapes may reappear in a weak or distorted form. In The Munich Mannequins the yew tree from beside the Devon church has been transformed into a part of a womb (the womb // Where the yew trees blow like hydras); an unhappy memory of Sylvia Plaths own visit to Germany in 1956 in search of roots identifies the city of Munich as a place of death and sterility. In Child, expressing a mothers wish to create a happy world for her child, there are remnants of the Devon garden in bloom as a contrast to the mothers worried Wringing of hands. Gigolo recalls a Mediterranean setting with crooked streets, cul-de-sacs and fruits-de-mer, alluring and disgusting as the professional seducer himself. In Mystic there may be traces of a summery Atlantic coastmemories of smells of pines, sun-heated cabins and salty windsas well as references to the harsh London winter Sylvia Plath was facing while she was composing these poems (The chimneys of the city breathe, the window sweats). These fragments accompany a more important religious imagery. The poem has been interpreted in several ways; one interpretation sees it as the mystics dark night of the soul, but the last line, The heart has not stopped, indicates hope of an end to this night. And in Edge, one of the two last poems Plath  wrote a few days before her death, she may have drawn on visual memories of the Yaddo estate. The perfected body of the woman whose epitaph the poem is and her children make up a sculptured group of death. In addition to other allusions, such as the Laocoon group, here inverted from struggle against death to fulfilled death, this group may vaguely recall the marble statuary at Yaddo. In the preceding pages we have seen how Sylvia Plath sought inspiration and raw material for her poetry in different settings and how she very early saw the potential for psychic qualities or parallels in realistic word paintings. In depicting external reality she is not concerned with representing, as faithfully as possible, shapes and lines, color and light, objects and figures. She hardly ever devotes an entire poem to something that looks like mere description of a scene in nature. There is always a metaphorical touch or dimension to the realistic composition. At times there is a narrative hinted at or rendered in some detail. Her landscape poems do not give the impression of a spontaneous pleasure in nature, nor of a wish to understand the processes of nature. They seem rather to serve as mirrors for a self in search of identity and truth. Plaths career as a poet was brief, but even so it is possible to see a development in her use of landscapes, toward more metaphorizing, more anthropomorphizing of nature, and in the late poems, more fragmentation of scenes in nature. In the early poetry she includes more documentable detail, sometimes established already in the titles of poems, such as Hardcastle Crags and Two Views of Withens. She may have coerced herselfor been proddedto broaden her palette by consciously turning to now one, now another landscape that she had experienced, but at the end she no longer had to look for settings as inspiration. Elements of landscapes came to her when she needed them as pieces in a mosaic more fraught with meaning than the early psychic landscapes. She had at her command an extraordinary set of highly diverse materials which she juxtaposed into poems of striking originalitysometimes with less than complete success. Even though we may not be able to reach into the obscurest crevices of her imagery and thought, the poems Sylvia Plath wrote in the last few weeks of  her life haunt us with their cries and whispers. Recognizing fragments of earlier landscapes may not be the most important clue to these and other poems, but it may help us clear the ground for entering deeper into her poetic world. Source: Brita Lindberg-Seyersted, Sylvia Plaths Psychic Landscapes, in English Studies, Vol. 71, No. 6, December, 1990, pp. 509-22.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

We Must Make Changes in AIDS Education :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

We Must Make Changes in AIDS Education Due to the fervent efforts of health educators, young people today have a very intimate knowledge of HIV and AIDS. These students were born in the early eighties at the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. Teachers guided students through years of health classes in their junior high and high school years and informed students about the destructive nature of the AIDS virus and ways in which it can and cannot be contracted. Health educators made sure that students were well-informed about HIV and presented the topic as being gender neutral. Although pop culture and the media claimed that homosexual males were responsible for the epidemic, this idea was never presented in the classroom. Though I am grateful for this aspect of AIDS education, it seems that there was an important aspect missing from the curriculum: the more numerous negative effects that the disease has for women. Health education needs to present the effects of AIDS to women and encourage them to be more concerned about contr acting and living with the disease. In spite of this need for reform, however, health educators may feel uneasy about changing their curriculum and argue that there are a number of reasons to keep HIV and AIDS curriculum the same. One reason that they might have for maintaining the current curriculum is that they fear that presenting HIV as more of a woman’s issue could decrease awareness of the disease in men. However, this probably will not happen. Many people, though not necessarily health educators, already view HIV as more of a man’s disease. In fact, according to Allen E. Carrier of Aids Project Los Angeles, gay men aged 17-24 are at a very high risk for HIV infection and realize the dangers of unsafe sex but continue to engage in high-risk behavior (DeNoon "National"). In other words, most men are aware and informed but some are choosing to ignore some of the education that they received. In reality, men need to make as many changes as women in order to stop the AIDS epidemic. Peter Piot, the execu tive director of the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, says that "[m]en have a crucial role to play in bringing about this radical change" (Henderson). Therefore, the new AIDS curriculum would be encouraging both men and women to change their attitudes and actions in order to bring about changes.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Time Warner Analysis

BUSINESS CASE ASSIGNMENT 1 Jie Tian Zhaopeng Li A. As part of strategic planning exercise, describe and analyze the vision and mission statements of Time Warner Inc. There is no explicit vision or mission statements on Time Warner’s website. But according to the description of vision and mission statements on class the â€Å"ABOUT US† statement on the company’s website resembles the mission statement and the â€Å"OUR VALUES† statement fits the definition of vision statement. The â€Å"ABOUT US† statement describes that Time Warner Inc. a global leader in media and entertainment with businesses in television networks, film and TV entertainment and publishing, uses its industry-leading operating scale and brands to create, package and deliver high-quality content worldwide through multiple distribution outlets. First off, this mission statement is a product-oriented mission because it states what products and services it serves its customers. Second, the statement emphasizes that Time Warner is a global leader and provide services worldwide. It shows the scope and domain of the organization is around the globe.And it also clearly describes the organization’s purpose is to create, package and deliver high-quality content through multiple distribution outlets. The â€Å"OUR VALUES† on the website describes that the company encourages risk-taking and divergent voices, makes the highest quality premium content available on every device, creates value by working together within and across our business, upholds editorial independence and artistic expression, attracts and develops the world’s best talent and takes pride in serving the public interest.The â€Å"OUR VALUES† statement falls into seven categories which are creativity, customer focus, agility, teamwork, integrity, diversity and responsibility. The statements show the ambitious long-terms goals of the organization such as recruiting the worldâ₠¬â„¢s best talent and making its content available on every device. It also mentions how the organization will generate value for the future through effective teamwork, innovation and originality and embracing changes and opportunities B. Explain, in detail, its basis of competitive advantages using Porter’s generic strategies (show how this is supported through the firm’s value hain activities) Time Warner has four main subsidiaries which are Turner Broadcasting System, Warner Bros. Entertainment, Home Box Office, and Time Inc. Turner’s entertainment networks include TBS, TNT, Cartoon Network, tru TV, Turner Classic Movies and Boomerang. Turner’s news networks consist of CNN and HLN. Each of the subsidiaries of Turner has their own specialties for example that TBS focus on contemporary comedies like The Big Bang Theory, TNT focus on drama, tru TV focus on real-life stories from a first-person perspective.Warner Bros. Entertainment include Warner Bros. wh ich produces and distributes feature films, Warner Bros. Television Group which develops, produces and distributes television series, reality-based entertainment shows and animation programs for the Company’s network and third parties. Other subsidiaries under Warner Bros. Entertainment are Warner Bros. Animation Inc. , Warner Home Video, Warner Bros. Digital Distribution, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, Warner Bros. Consumer Products Inc. and DC Entertainment.The third segment of the organization is Time Inc. which is the largest magazine publisher in the U. S. based on commercial avenue and published 21 magazines in print in U. S. and over 70 magazines out of U. S. which covers the topic of style and entertainment, lifestyle, news and sports. Time/Warner Retail Sales & Marketing Inc. is also a subsidiary under Time Inc.. Home Box Office (HBO) is the nation’s most widely distributed multi-channel premium pay television service which consists of recently releas ed uncut and uncensored theatrical motion pictures.Based upon the brief introduction of various segments in the organization above it can be concluded that the competitive advantage of Time Warner is founded on differentiation. Porter suggested that a firm could only apply one of the three generic strategies or the company could be â€Å"stuck in the middle† and will not achieve a competitive advantage. However, he also argued that firms could only succeed at multiple strategies by creating separate business units for each strategy.In Time Warner case differentiation strategy and differentiation focus strategy are both applied in achieve its competitive strategy. For networks and film business the company is competing with other film production and network companies. Television programming, feature films and news are the products of these industries which always have a massive audience scope and the companies try to differentiate themselves from competitors. The uniqueness of the product is the key in the competition that customers would like to pay a premium price for the products.Time Warner exploits its brand recognition and embraces innovation and creativity to product various different focused programs and movies to distinguish itself from its competitors. The competitive advantage is achieved through differentiation focus for HBO and magazines business because of their narrow market focus. Magazines like Essence and Golf face targeted audience instead of the broad scope audience. Time Warner has its own well developed distribution channel and sales& marketing company.Therefore, its differentiation could be effectively supported by the outbound logistics and Sales &Marketing sections in the value chain. C. Mintzberg’s family of strategies. Time Warner is involved in both the midstream and downstream business because it develops, produces and distributes feature films, TV programming and magazines. Time Warner distinguishes itself in achievin g competitive advantage through differentiation strategy and differentiation focus strategy. Time Warner elaborates its core business by market development strategy and diversification strategy.Time Warner develops its market mainly by geographic expansion and technology expansion. For example, Turner distributed 57 networks of it regional entertainment brands in over 200 countries. Time Inc. made all of its’ U. S. magazines available at tablet editions. The CW broadcast network cooperated with Netflix. Inc. and Hulu to expand its distribution channel. Time Warner extends its core business by the strategies of entry and control and listening. The 50-50 joint venture between Warner Bros. and CBS Corporation created the CW broadcast network.